This Isn’t the First Time in Human History Our Winters Have Become Milder

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EUAN's Write-UP

Sir, with reference to the letter from Ivan Reid, 18^th October. He is of course totally correct; our winters have become less snowy and milder than during our youth. I recall the deep snow drifts on Kirriemuir Hill in the 1960s.

And during my grouse beating days in Glen Clova in the 1970s, they used to set aside a half day to shoot hares and another half day to shoot capercaillie.

Times have changed, and in 2020 illegal shooting of mountain hares (culling) was banned in Scotland (Wikipedia).

Thousands used to be shot every year. It does not seem to be necessary to call on climate change to explain the demise of the mountain hare. Hopefully the population will soon recover, but the prohibition likely will last.

In the countryside, I frequent most often in Aberdeenshire and Perthshire, there is an abundance of buzzards and ospreys, red-deer and roe-deer, seals, beavers and sadly many dead badgers along our main roads.

Melting Alpine glaciers are perhaps the most visible symbol of a slowly warming world

However, a little-known fact,  Alpine glaciers have all but melted completely 12 times in the last 10,000 years (since the end of the last glaciation).

This is known through Carbon 14 dating of woody fragments found in the ice.

These dates form clusters signifying times when trees grew in the ice basins from where the glaciers now flow.

The exact cause of these cyclical changes in glacier length is unknown, but a likely candidate is cyclical changes to ocean currents.

The depth of the last cold and snowy trough occurred around 1850 and warming will likely continue for another few hundred years until the glaciers have all but disappeared, as was the case when Hannibal crossed the Alps with his elephants in 218 BC at a time called The Roman Warm Period.

Perhaps Scotland’s climate is affected by these same cyclical forces?

PS With reference to Mr. Hannan, 19^th October: pre-industrial CO₂ in the atmosphere was 0.028% and today it is 0.042%.

3% is on the threshold of being harmful, but current levels are nowhere near this dangerous threshold.

Flora, including crops in greenhouses, thrive at 1%, or 1,000 ppm

Dr. Euan Mearns

Aberdeen

APPENDIX 1

CO2 IS A LIFE GAS; NO CO2 = NO FLORA AND NO FAUNA

https://www.windtaskforce.org/profiles/blogs/co2-is-a-life-gas-no-c...

The below image shows various carbon flows (Pg/y, in red) and carbon storages (Pg, in blue)

1 Pg = 10^15 gram = 1 billion metric ton

1 Metric ton = 10^6 gram

Storages

Atmosphere 750 Pg; is increasing by about 2 – 3 ppm/y, due to various inflows and outflows

Surface ocean 725 Pg

Intermediate and deep ocean 37,275 Pg

Plants 560 Pg

Soils 500 Pg

Earth crust 10^8 Pg

Fossil fuels 5,000 to 10,000 Pg

Henry’s Law of Partial Pressures

Henry's Law is one of the gas laws. It was formulated by a British chemist, William Henry, in 1803. It states that the solubility of a gas in contact with a liquid surface, such as the ocean, is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas.

The practical consequence of Henry's Law is the maintenance of a constant ratio between the amount of CO2 in the oceans to that in the atmosphere for a given temperature. This ratio is about 50/1.

Therefore, the consumption of all the planet's reserves of coal, oil, and gas (5,000 to 10,000 Pg) will result in about 100 to 200 gigaton of C of the CO2 being added to the atmosphere, an increase of 13% to 26%, over a period of about 75 to 100 years. The remainder will be absorbed by the oceans.

It is impossible to double CO2 in the atmosphere

http://watsongallery.ca/ClimateReality/CR/Presentations/2016.07.10....

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APPENDIX 2

The wind, solar, battery bubble is in meltdown mode. This is not a surprise, because, the EIA makes LCOE evaluations of wind and solar, which exclude major LCOE items, regarding:

Onshore grid expansion/reinforcement and very expensive battery system storage

A fleet of quick-reacting power plants for counteracting/balancing the variable output of wind/solar

Additional power plants for making up the electricity shortfall during low wind/solar conditions

Output curtailments during high wind/solar conditions, i.e., paying owners not to produce what they could have produced

Such EIA deceptions led to a national delusion wind and solar are competitive with fossil fuels, which is far from reality.

Wind and solar would not exist without at least 50% subsidies, plus above freebies

APPENDIX 3