Cape Cod Onshore Wind Substation Compared To Giant Puerto Rico Substation
Falmouth Heights, Massachusetts: Onshore Electric Wind Turbine Cables 220,000 to 345,000 Volts\
Falmouth, Massachusetts is a popular vacation destination on Cape Cod but is changing fast.
The proposed design considered potential ocean wind turbine landfall locations in Falmouth: Worcester Avenue, Shore Street, and Central Park. The Falmouth landfall location would support up to 12
onshore export cables carrying a nominal voltage of 200-345 kV. An onshore air-insulated or gas-insulated substation requires up to 26 acres of land in total.
SF6 is an anthropogenically produced compound, mainly used as a gaseous dielectric in gas-insulated switchgear power installations. It is a potent greenhouse gas with a high global warming potential.
Carbon dioxide is the most abundant greenhouse gas (GHG), but it doesn’t come close to SF6 in terms of potency. This fluorinated gas can last in the atmosphere for 3,200 years before it is broken down by UV rays, and is 22,800 times more effective than CO2 at trapping infrared radiation in the atmosphere.
Local regulations in the Town of Falmouth Zoning Bylaws § 240-9.8D, state that Wind Energy
Systems (encompassing transmission, storage equipment, substations, transformers, service and
access roads, and wind turbines) shall “not exceed increases in broadband sound levels by more than 6 A-weighted decibels or "pure tone" sound levels by more than 3 A-weighted decibels over
ambient sound levels at the property line.”.
Reports state some receivers may experience over 100 Leq dBA (about as loud as a power lawnmower 3 ft away).
The EPA specifies a maximum day-night average sound level of 55 dBA for residential areas.
The Town of Falmouth’s Zoning Bylaw § 240-9.8D was not considered, which sets forth
a limit that is more conservative than the state regulation for the increased noise level of
WES projects (an increase of 6 dBA versus 10 dBA above existing conditions).
Picture file photo: electrical substation in Puerto Rico
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Comment
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Comment by Willem Post on April 23, 2022 at 5:41am
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BATTERY SYSTEM CAPITAL COSTS, OPERATING COSTS, ENERGY LOSSES, AND AGING
https://www.windtaskforce.org/profiles/blogs/battery-system-capital...
This article has seven parts
PART 1
Turnkey Capital Costs of Site-specific, Custom-designed, Utility-grade, Grid-scale Battery Systems
Tesla Megapacks
Tesla is at the forefront of providing the world with lithium-ion battery systems, that include frontend power electronics, the batteries, and backend power electronics, and systems for battery heating and cooling, as needed, in standardized enclosures.
The Megapack ratings shown in the table, in bold, fit into a standard container W, 286” x D, 85” x H, 99”
If multiple Megapacks are purchased, the $/kWh becomes less. See URL
https://www.tesla.com/megapack/design
The 2022 Megapack pricing is shown in the table
The 2022 Megapack pricing is 24.5% greater than the 2021 pricing. See URL
The 2025 Megapack price likely will be much higher, due to increased inflation rates, increased interest rates, and increased materials prices, such as of Tungsten, Cobalt, and Lithium.
https://cms.zerohedge.com/s3/files/inline-images/2022-03-21_15-28-4...
https://www.zerohedge.com/commodities/tesla-hikes-megapack-prices-c...
NOTE: After looking at several aerial photos of large-scale battery systems with many Megapacks, it is clear many other items of equipment are shown, other than the Tesla supply, such as step-down/step-up transformers, connections to the grid, land, access roads, fencing, security, lighting, insurance, i.e., the cost of the Tesla supply is only one part of the total battery system cost on a site.
NOTE: PG&E, a California utility, put in operation a 182.5 MW/730 MWh battery system, at a turnkey cost of about $330 million, based on 2020/2021 pricing. See URL
https://www.10news.com/news/national/pg-es-tesla-megapack-battery-i...
Purchase
Capacity
Energy
Duration
Location
Cap Cost
Price
Units
MW
MWh
h
State
$million
$/kWh
1
1.295
2.570
2
Vermont
1.842
717
2
2.590
5.140
2
Vermont
2.808
546
3
3.885
7.710
2
Vermont
4.189
543
1
0.770
3.070
4
Vermont
1.566
510
2
1.540
6.140
4
Vermont
2.957
482
3
2.310
9.210
4
Vermont
4.409
479
Turnkey Capital Cost Surveys of Grid-Scale Battery System by EIA
The Energy Information Agency, EIA, has collected turnkey capital costs and operating data of the energy sector for many decades.
The first EIA report regarding the turnkey capital costs of various types of grid-scale battery systems, not just Lithium-ion, was issued in 2017, and covered battery system in use for all of 2015
The most recent EIA report was issued in 2021, and covered battery systems in use for all of 2019
The trend of the data revealed, the turnkey capital cost decreased after 2015, as shown by the table and image.
The EIA projects turnkey capital costs at about $500/kWh in 2025, based on historic cost trends.
Power Delivery Duration: The average duration of battery discharge increased from 0.5 h in 2015 to 3.2 h in 2019, because they are increasingly used to absorb midday solar output bulges, and to deliver about 80% of that electricity during peak hours in the late-afternoon/early-evening.
EIA 2020 Report, which includes systems in operation during all of 2018
The EIA graph, based on surveys of battery system users, shows slowly decreasing costs after 2018
The average price was $625/kWh in 2018
It appears, the range of values likely would become $900/kWh to 450/kWh in 2025.
The values would be near the higher end of the range in New England.
https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=45596
EIA 2021 Report, which includes systems in operation during all of 2019The US average turnkey capital cost of battery systems was about $589/kWh, delivered as AC, in 2019.
The average price decreased from $625 in 2018, to $589 in 2019, or a $36/kWh decrease
The average price would decrease to $500 in 2025, if the annual decreases were about $15. See image
The NE average turnkey capital cost for such systems was about $700/kWh, delivered as AC, in 2019
Those average prices will not decrease, unless major technical breakthroughs are discovered, and subsequently implemented on a large scale.
See table 3 and page 18 of EIA URLhttps://www.eia.gov/analysis/studies/electricity/batterystorage/pdf...
Such grid-scale battery systems operate 8766 hours per year
Annual capacity factor is about 0.5, i.e., a working throughput of about 50% of rated throughput
https://www.windtaskforce.org/profiles/blogs/economics-of-utility-s...
Table 1 combines the data of five EIA reports
NOTE: The EIA projected cost is $500/kWh for 2025, but that value likely will not be attainable, due to increased inflation rates, increased interest rates, and increased materials prices.
Future EIA Reports
EIA 2022 Report for 2020 likely would show the decreasing capital cost trend of the 2019 report.
EIA 2023 Report for 2021, and reports for subsequent years, likely would show an increasing capital cost trend, due to increased inflation rates, increased interest rates, and increased materials prices, especially with lithium-ion battery systems becoming a significant part of a year's mix.
NOTE: Various financial services entities, such as Bloomberg and Lazard, issue self-serving reports that project much lower battery system costs/kWh, delivered as AC, than the EIA. Those entities tend to underestimate battery costs to avoid chasing away their wealthy clients who are seeking tax shelters, which would adversely affect their financial services business. It would be prudent to ignore those reports.
Table 1/Battery system turnkey cost
Range
Duration
Average
Year
$/kWh as AC
hour
$/kWh as AC
2015
2500 to 1750
0.5
2102
2016
2800 to 750
1.5
1417
2017
1500 to 700
1.8
755
2018
1250 to 500
2.4
625
2019
1050 to 475
3.2
589
2025
900 to 450
500
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Comment by Frank Haggerty on April 18, 2022 at 9:09am
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Falmouth Massachusetts Onshore Wind Power Plant Nuisance"receivers may experience over 100 Leq dBA" Just like the two town-owned wind turbines shut down in 2017 ---Will people ever learn? Falmouth demolition bid to be announced in 2 weeks while Select Board votes for offshore power plant?
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Those ugly, noisy, substations would need to connect to an upgraded grid to distribute the expensive, variable, wind electricity to southern New England.
ISO-NE has been studying that for about 2 years, and has made some cost estimates
The existing combined cycle, gas turbine plants would have to adjust their outputs up and down to counteract these wind output variations, 24/7/365.
If you think all that happens for free, I have a bridge…..
But the Owners of wind turbines WILL NEVER PAY FOR THIS.
It will be paid for by all other suckers, such as ratepayers, taxpayers and added to government debts
WELCOME TO THE GRAND MULTI DECADE CHARADE THAT WILL BENEFIT MOSTLY EUROPEAN COMPANIES
Maine as Third World Country:
CMP Transmission Rate Skyrockets 19.6% Due to Wind Power
Click here to read how the Maine ratepayer has been sold down the river by the Angus King cabal.
Maine Center For Public Interest Reporting – Three Part Series: A CRITICAL LOOK AT MAINE’S WIND ACT
******** IF LINKS BELOW DON'T WORK, GOOGLE THEM*********
(excerpts) From Part 1 – On Maine’s Wind Law “Once the committee passed the wind energy bill on to the full House and Senate, lawmakers there didn’t even debate it. They passed it unanimously and with no discussion. House Majority Leader Hannah Pingree, a Democrat from North Haven, says legislators probably didn’t know how many turbines would be constructed in Maine if the law’s goals were met." . – Maine Center for Public Interest Reporting, August 2010 https://www.pinetreewatchdog.org/wind-power-bandwagon-hits-bumps-in-the-road-3/From Part 2 – On Wind and Oil Yet using wind energy doesn’t lower dependence on imported foreign oil. That’s because the majority of imported oil in Maine is used for heating and transportation. And switching our dependence from foreign oil to Maine-produced electricity isn’t likely to happen very soon, says Bartlett. “Right now, people can’t switch to electric cars and heating – if they did, we’d be in trouble.” So was one of the fundamental premises of the task force false, or at least misleading?" https://www.pinetreewatchdog.org/wind-swept-task-force-set-the-rules/From Part 3 – On Wind-Required New Transmission Lines Finally, the building of enormous, high-voltage transmission lines that the regional electricity system operator says are required to move substantial amounts of wind power to markets south of Maine was never even discussed by the task force – an omission that Mills said will come to haunt the state.“If you try to put 2,500 or 3,000 megawatts in northern or eastern Maine – oh, my god, try to build the transmission!” said Mills. “It’s not just the towers, it’s the lines – that’s when I begin to think that the goal is a little farfetched.” https://www.pinetreewatchdog.org/flaws-in-bill-like-skating-with-dull-skates/
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Hannah Pingree on the Maine expedited wind law
Hannah Pingree - Director of Maine's Office of Innovation and the Future
"Once the committee passed the wind energy bill on to the full House and Senate, lawmakers there didn’t even debate it. They passed it unanimously and with no discussion. House Majority Leader Hannah Pingree, a Democrat from North Haven, says legislators probably didn’t know how many turbines would be constructed in Maine."
https://pinetreewatch.org/wind-power-bandwagon-hits-bumps-in-the-road-3/
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