The on-going attention to developing wind power on Cape Cod—both large scale projects like Cape Wind and smaller municipal and private turbines—has raised many questions over the direct and indirect impacts to birds and other wildlife to which Mass Audubon is responding in various ways. To address issue of special concern to Cape residents, Cape & Islands Renewable Energy Collaborative (CIREC) and Wellfleet Bay held a presentation on November 14 at the sanctuary that featured Taber Allison, Mass Audubon’s Vice President for Conservation Science, and Lucy Vlietstra, Associate Professor of Marine Science at the Massachusetts Maritime Academy.
Taber started the evening with a reminder of the impacts of climate change and how, in addition to developing renewable sources of energy, energy efficiency and conservation are essential to reducing our greenhouse gas emissions. His graphs and charts, gleaned from a variety of scientific studies, provided greater detail on the latest understanding on wind power and its impact on wildlife, specifically birds. Comparisons were shown between wind power and other things that kill large numbers of birds—collisions with communication towers, tall buildings, and automobiles and predation from cats among them. When viewed next to the affects of communication towers (almost 1 billion birds killed annually), the impacts of wind towers seemed arguably negligible (30,000 birds annually), as Taber pointed out. But he also presented the other side to the coin—concerns over the cumulative effects on bird populations and the impact to rare and endangered species. Questions also remain on how some of these studies generate their numbers and critics point to the lack of rigorous, standardized methods for assessing mortality.
One of the more sobering parts of Taber’s presentation was his perspective on wildlife impacts from traditional sources of power—fossil fuels—beyond their well-documented contributions to climate change. Extracting methane and coal causes tremendous habitat destruction, and offshore oil platforms cause direct mortality of migrating birds. How much “take” of wildlife is acceptable to satisfy our consumption of energy? Taber pointed out that fully understanding the environmental impacts of any source of energy requires a “cradle to grave” approach that considers everything from the habitat destruction caused by the physical extraction or development of the energy source, to its contributions to climate change, to the disposal of the byproducts. The gaps in our understanding of these complex issues became quite obvious.
With Taber recently named one of 22 individuals to serve on a special Wind Turbine Guidelines Advisory Committee, formed under the Federal Advisory Committee Act, maybe these information gaps will become smaller. This committee will advise the Secretary and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service on measures to avoid or minimize impacts to wildlife and their habitats from land-based wind energy facilities.
Lucy Vlietstra closed the evening with her summary of data that looked at the Mass Maritime 660 kilowatt turbine’s possible impacts to birds, with a specific focus on Common and Roseate terns. In addition to documenting bird use of the airspace around the turbine, Lucy and her students also looked for dead birds around the turbine. In 2006 they put in 602 observation hours and one bird fatality was confirmed. This year, two birds have been confirmed dead including an Osprey. This mortality rate mirrors those found at other turbine study sites. In addition, by turning off the turbine 3-4 days per week they discovered that birds altered their flight patterns when the rotor was spinning, avoiding the rotor swept zone completely.
While it is clear that major information gaps remain when it comes to the impacts of wind power on wildlife populations, studies like Dr. Vlietstra’s are encouraging that with thoughtful siting of turbines, careful pre and post-construction monitoring, and perhaps new wildlife-deterring technologies coming on line, wind and wildlife may be able to coexist after all.
Posted by Melissa Lowe.
Editor's Note: Another good report on Taber's talk was published in the Barnstable Patriot and archived on a site called National Wind Watch.
http://greenbuilding.typepad.com/naturecenter/2007/11/wildlife-and-...
Most Respectfully,
Barbara Durkin
48 Moore Lane
Northboro, MA 01532
Telephone: (508) 612-4133
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